Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Environmental Studies (MES)

Department

Geography & Environmental Studies

Faculty/School

Faculty of Arts

First Advisor

Dr. Christopher Lemieux

Advisor Role

Supervisor

Abstract

The number of health challenges is rising both globally and in Canada. Research consistently shows that time spent in nature can mitigate some of these health challenges, offering significant mental, physical, and well-being benefits. Parks and protected areas in Canada, including the expansion of the National Urban Park (NUP) program by Parks Canada, provide valuable opportunities for nature-based engagement. However, access to these spaces is unjust, as many individuals face structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal constraints. While prior studies have explored the motivations and well-being outcomes of women and Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC) individuals, there remains a limited understanding of the constraints they face in accessing parks and protected areas. Additionally, limited research has examined the constraints experienced by parents and their children. This study analyzed data from a Canadian household survey conducted by ParkSeek, using SPSS v28. The sample included 227 respondents from Whitchurch-Stouffville (located near the existing Rouge NUP) and Victoria (site of a proposed NUP). The analysis examined how ten sociodemographic variables – particularly gender identity, ethnic background, and family structure – influenced motivations, perceived health and well-being outcomes, and constraints to accessing parks and protected areas. Four important findings emerged: (1) respondents were significantly motivated by group togetherness and perceive strong social well-being benefits; (2) women in Whitchurch-Stouffville experienced more structural and intrapersonal constraints than men, while women in Victoria faced greater constraints than men across all three constraint categories; (3) BIPOC respondents at both sites reported higher levels for all three constraint categories compared to white/Caucasian respondents; and (4) parents and children aged under 18 were constrained by a lack of time and competing preferences. These findings advance knowledge on motivations, health and well-being outcomes, and constraints in the context of parks and protected areas. They can help encourage individuals to visit parks and protected areas for health and well-being benefits, while also informing Parks Canada of recommendations regarding access to these areas, including existing and proposed NUPs.

Convocation Year

2025

Convocation Season

Fall

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