Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MSc)

Department

Biology

Program Name/Specialization

Integrative Biology

Faculty/School

Faculty of Science

First Advisor

Dr. Joseph Culp

Advisor Role

Supervisor

Second Advisor

Dr. Jordan Musetta-Lambert

Advisor Role

Supervisor

Abstract

Stream metabolism is an ecological process that can be monitored to assess carbon cycling and productivity within a stream ecosystem. GPP (gross primary productivity) is measured as oxygen produced by autotrophs and ER (ecosystem respiration), which is measured by oxygen depleted by all living organisms. Complications arise when estimating GPP and ER in the Arctic because most methods require a period of darkness when GPP ceases, however, summer regimes of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) do not reach zero. Furthermore, natural diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere (k) must be accounted for but this requires extensive field work, thus posing problems for remote locations. Few studies have assessed how stream metabolism is influenced by the surrounding environment, even though it is well established that stream metabolism in other biomes is affected by key environmental variables.

The thesis assesses methods that are appropriate for estimating stream metabolism in the Arctic and determines stream metabolism and associated environmental variables in the Greiner Lake Watershed, Nunavut. Stream metabolism was estimated using streamMetabolizer and empirical methods. These methods were compared based on values expected for low productivity streams, and model diagnostics (process and observation error) for Bayesian statistics. StreamMetabolizer produced biologically possible days with realistic average values and ranges of GPP and ER.

Estimates of GPP and ER from streamMetabolizer were used in a partial least square regression analysis (PLSR) with environmental variables measured at each site (water chemistry, channel form, land cover type and surrounding waterbodies). I discovered that GPP was positively related to median substrate particle size (D50), and ER was positively related to the area of upstream lakes and stream width. D50 may have been providing ideal habitats for primary producers, and lakes may have been impacting downstream controls of ER. Overall, streamMetabolizer is a useful method for determining stream metabolism in Arctic environments that are remote and have limited periods of darkness in the summer. Moreover, this research contributes to a growing database of stream metabolism in the Arctic and indicates key environmental variables influencing stream metabolism in the Arctic.

Convocation Year

2023

Convocation Season

Spring

Download

Share

COinS