Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MSc)

Department

Biology

Program Name/Specialization

Integrative Biology

Faculty/School

Faculty of Science

First Advisor

Dr. Kevin Stevens

Advisor Role

Supervisor

Second Advisor

Dr. Robin Slawson

Advisor Role

Committee Member

Third Advisor

Dr. Neil Thomson

Advisor Role

Committee Member

Abstract

This study focused on the environmental impacts of mining and potential techniques to mitigate them. The goals of this study were to (1) Quantify vegetation and fungal colonization at a remediated mine site in northern Canada, and to determine if there were effects from petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, (2) Determine the response of northern plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi to diesel contamination. Mycorrhizal colonization was observed in field collected roots and trends in colonization and vegetation cover suggested that these communities were no longer impacted by residual contamination. Mean hyphal colonization of Elymus trachycaulus roots collected over two years was 47.3±3.8% and 49.3±2.7% respectively, and Festuca ovina and Hordeum jubatum collected during one year had mean hyphal colonization of 64.1±2.1% and 56.6. ±2.7% respectively. Two mycorrhizal plants (E. trachycaulus and Erigeron acris) and one non-mycorrhizal plant (Carex aquatilis) were grown with or without mycorrhizal fungi and exposed to four levels of diesel contamination (3,460, 6,500, 10,000 mg/kg and a control). Responses varied between species, though results suggest that PHC concentrations ≥ 6,500 mg/kg significantly affected growth. Mean shoot/root ratio of C. aquatilis plants decreased from 0.15 ± 0.01 in the control treatment to 0.10 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.01in the treatments receiving 6,500 and 10,000 mg/kg diesel respectively. Growth responses between plant species with and without mycorrhizal inoculum suggest that an association with AMF influenced plant growth responses. Significant differences in shoot biomass between inoculum treatments were observed in the mycorrhizal plant species though not in the non-mycorrhizal species. Mean shoot fresh weight of E. trachycaulus was significantly higher in plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (0.12 g ± 0.01) compared to non-inoculated plants (0.09 g ± 0.0). Mean shoot fresh weight of E. acris plants was 0.10 g ± 0.01 in plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, significantly greater than non-inoculated plants (0.04 g ± 0.01). Results indicate that mycorrhizal fungi have established at this reclaimed site and are colonizing host species. This research provides insight that will contribute to our understanding of mycorrhizal associations in the north and can be used in future re-vegetation efforts.

Convocation Year

2018

Convocation Season

Fall

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