Evolutionary History and Taxonomy of the Cuscuta umbellata complex (Convolvulaceae): Evidence of Extensive Hybridization from Discordant Nuclear and Plastid Phylogenies

Authors

Mihai Costea, Wilfrid Laurier UniversityFollow
Saša Stefanović, University of Toronto

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-2010

Department

Biology

Abstract

The Cuscuta umbellata complex is one of the 15 major clades recently circumscribed in C. subg. Grammica. Most of its members occur in North AMerican and the Caribbean (C. desmouliniana, C. lacerata, C. lacerata, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. odontolepsis, C. polyanthemos, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata), but three species (C. acuta, C. membranacea, C. umbellata) grow in South America, and one (C. hyalina) is found as a native species in India, Pakistan and Eastern to South Africa. Basic morphology, scanning electron microscopy and sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid trnL-F region were used to reconstruct the phylogeny, gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history, and determine species boundaries. Our results show that in its currently accepted delimitation C. umbellata is polyphyletic. Discordances betwen phylogenies derived from plastid and nuclear data strongly suggest that at least four independent hybridization events have occurred in the evolution of this species group, rendering relationships among its members more complex than previously thought. One of these reticulation events involves C. umebellata var. relexa, a taxon that has been considered synonymous to C. umebllata var. umbellata in the last decades. This hybrid is morphologically intermediate but distinct from its putative parents, C. odontolepsis or C. acuta on the maternal side, and C. umbellata (var. umbellata) on the paternal side, which supports its treatment as a new species, C. legitima. Cuscuta umbellata is further redefined to exclude C. umbellata var. dubia, which is merged into C. desmouliniana. A new classification is provided, together with an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, and geographical distributions for the twelve species of the clade.

Comments

This article was originally published in Taxon, 59: 1783-1800. © 2010 International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Reproduced with permission.

Recommended Citation

Costea, Mihai and Stefanović, Saša, "Evolutionary History and Taxonomy of the Cuscuta umbellata complex (Convolvulaceae): Evidence of Extensive Hybridization from Discordant Nuclear and Plastid Phylogenies" (2010). Biology Faculty Publications. 73.
https://scholars.wlu.ca/biol_faculty/73